Predation include all interactions in which one organism consumes all or part of another. This includes predator-prey, herbivore-plant, and parasite-host interactions.

Migration is the movement of individuals of a species from one place to another.

Mutualism is the way two organisms of different species exist in a relationship in which each individual benefits from the activity of the other.

Edaphic factor is an abiotic factor relating to the physical or chemical composition of the soil found in a particular area.